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Analisis Daya Saing dan Potensi Ekspor Mobil Indonesia di Kawasan Asia Selatan
Abi Revyansah Perwira
Abstract
Mobil Indonesia berada di peringkat empat sebagai komoditas non-migas dengan nilai ekspor tertinggi. Oleh karena itu, Kementerian Perindustrian meluncurkan program “Making Indonesia 4.0†pada tahun 2018 dimana salah satu targetnya adalah menjadikan Indonesia sebagai pengekspor mobil terbesar di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, daya saing mobil Indonesia di pasar ekspor layak untuk diselidiki. Penelitian ini menganalisis daya saing mobil Indonesia di kawasan Asia Selatan karena selain belum menerapkan peraturan emisi yang ketat, penjualan mobil di kawasan ini mempunyai tren yang positif. Data penelitian adalah data ekspor mobil Indonesia ke empat negara Asia Selatan yaitu Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, dan Sri Lanka periode 2006 – 2019. Data tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan tiga metode: Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), dan X-Model Potential Export Products. Rata-rata indeks RSCA bernilai negatif yang menunjukkan bahwa daya saing mobil Indonesia masih lemah di keempat negara Asia Selatan, tetapi indeks RSCA bernilai positif hanya di Pakistan sejak 2016. Berdasarkan matriks EPD, mobil Indonesia berada di posisi Rising Star di tiga negara kecuali Sri Lanka yang berada pada posisi Falling Star. Analisis X-Model menunjukkan bahwa Bangladesh, India, dan Pakistan merupakan pasar potensial sebagai tujuan ekspor mobil Indonesia meskipun daya saing masih lemah, hanya Sri Lanka yang kurang potensial.
Keywords
EPD; Daya Saing; Mobil Indonesia; RSCA
References
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Balassa, B. (1965). Trade Liberalisation and “Revealed†Comparative Advantage. The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 32, 99–123.
Bano, S., & Scrimgeour, F. (2012). The Export Growth and Revealed Comparative Advantage of the New Zealand Kiwifruit Industry. International Business Research, 5(2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n2p73
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Jumlah Tenaga Kerja Industri Besar Dan Sedang Menurut Sub Sektor, 2008-2017. Industri Besar Dan Sedang. https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2011/02/14/1063/jumlah-tenaga-kerja-industri-besar-dan-sedang-menurut-subsektor-2000-2017.html
Ermawati, T., & Saptia, Y. (2013). Kinerja Ekspor Minyak Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 7(2), 129–148.
Esterhuizen, D. (2006). Measuring and Analyzing Competitiveness in the Agribusiness Sector: Methodological and Analytical Framework. University of Pretoria, 107(4), 823–824. https://doi.org/10.1086/689555
Gandolfo, G. (2014). International Trade Theory and Policy (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37314-5
Hasibuan, A. M., Nurmalina, R., & Wahyudi, A. (2012). Analisis Kinerja dan Daya Saing Perdagangan Biji Kakao dan Produk Kakao Olahan Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri, 3(1), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2012.p57-70
Herciu, M. (2013). Measuring International Competitiveness of Romania by Using Porter’s Diamond and Revealed Comparative Advantage. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6(2013), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(13)00140-8
Kaunang, W. R. (2013). Daya Saing Ekspor Komoditi Minyak Kelapa Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 1(4), 1304–1316.
Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Perkembangan Ekspor Non Migas (Komoditi). Portal Statistik Perdagangan. http://statistik.kemendag.go.id/growth-of-non-oil-and-gas-export-commodity
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Krugman, P. R., Obstfeld, M., & Melitz, M. J. (2018). International Economics: Theory & Policy (A. Srivastava & P. Banerjee (eds.); 11th ed.).
Laursen, K. (2015). Revealed Comparative Advantage and the Alternatives as Measures of International Specialization. Eurasian Business Review, 5(1), 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-015-0017-1
Mushanyuri, B. E., & Mzumara, M. M. (2013). An Assessment of Comparative Advantage of Mauritius. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(3), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p35
Nihayah, D. M. (2012). Kinerja Daya Saing Komoditas Sektor Agroindustri Indonesia. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Ekonomi, 19(1), 37–48.
Nurhayati, E., Hartoyo, S., & Mulatsih, S. (2018). Analisis Pengembangan Ekspor Cengkeh Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 7(1), 21–42.
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Rossato, F. G. F. S., Susaeta, A., Adams, D. C., Hidalgo, I. G., Araujo, T. D. De, & Queiroz, A. De. (2018). Comparison of Revealed Comparative Advantage Indexes with Application to Trade Tendencies of Cellulose Production from Planted Forests in Brazil, Canada, China, Sweden, Finland and the United States. Forest Policy and Economics, 97(September), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.09.007
Salvatore, D. (2013). International Economics (J. Hollenbeck & J. Manias (eds.); 11th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sarwono, & Pratama, W. (2014). Analisis Daya Saing Kedelai Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan, 7(2), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v7i2.3894
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Suntharalingam, C., Ahmad, T. M. A. T., Ali, A. K., Rusli, R., & Halim, N. A. (2011). Competitiveness of Malaysia’s Fruits in the Global Agricultural and Selected Export Markets: Analyses of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Comparative Export Performance (CE). Economic and Technology Management Review, 6, 1–17.
UN Comtrade. (2021). UN Comtrade: International Trade Statistics. https://comtrade.un.org/data
Wardani, M. A., & Mulatsih, S. (2017). Analisis Daya Saing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Ban Indonesia ke Kawasan Amerika Latin. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 6(1), 81–100. https://doi.org/10.29244/jekp.6.1.81-100
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24967/ekombis.v6i2.1308
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Abi Revyansah PerwiraAbstract
Keywords
References
Abedini, J., & Péridy, N. (2009). The Emergence of Iran in the World Car Industry: An Estimation of its Export Potential. World Economy, 32(5), 790–818. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2008.01153.x
Balassa, B. (1965). Trade Liberalisation and “Revealed†Comparative Advantage. The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 32, 99–123.
Bano, S., & Scrimgeour, F. (2012). The Export Growth and Revealed Comparative Advantage of the New Zealand Kiwifruit Industry. International Business Research, 5(2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n2p73
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Jumlah Tenaga Kerja Industri Besar Dan Sedang Menurut Sub Sektor, 2008-2017. Industri Besar Dan Sedang. https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2011/02/14/1063/jumlah-tenaga-kerja-industri-besar-dan-sedang-menurut-subsektor-2000-2017.html
Ermawati, T., & Saptia, Y. (2013). Kinerja Ekspor Minyak Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 7(2), 129–148.
Esterhuizen, D. (2006). Measuring and Analyzing Competitiveness in the Agribusiness Sector: Methodological and Analytical Framework. University of Pretoria, 107(4), 823–824. https://doi.org/10.1086/689555
Gandolfo, G. (2014). International Trade Theory and Policy (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37314-5
Hasibuan, A. M., Nurmalina, R., & Wahyudi, A. (2012). Analisis Kinerja dan Daya Saing Perdagangan Biji Kakao dan Produk Kakao Olahan Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri, 3(1), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2012.p57-70
Herciu, M. (2013). Measuring International Competitiveness of Romania by Using Porter’s Diamond and Revealed Comparative Advantage. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6(2013), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(13)00140-8
Kaunang, W. R. (2013). Daya Saing Ekspor Komoditi Minyak Kelapa Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 1(4), 1304–1316.
Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Perkembangan Ekspor Non Migas (Komoditi). Portal Statistik Perdagangan. http://statistik.kemendag.go.id/growth-of-non-oil-and-gas-export-commodity
Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia. (2018). Making Indonesia 4.0. The Ministry of Industry Republic of Indonesia. https://www.kemenperin.go.id
Krugman, P. R., Obstfeld, M., & Melitz, M. J. (2018). International Economics: Theory & Policy (A. Srivastava & P. Banerjee (eds.); 11th ed.).
Laursen, K. (2015). Revealed Comparative Advantage and the Alternatives as Measures of International Specialization. Eurasian Business Review, 5(1), 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-015-0017-1
Mushanyuri, B. E., & Mzumara, M. M. (2013). An Assessment of Comparative Advantage of Mauritius. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(3), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p35
Nihayah, D. M. (2012). Kinerja Daya Saing Komoditas Sektor Agroindustri Indonesia. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Ekonomi, 19(1), 37–48.
Nurhayati, E., Hartoyo, S., & Mulatsih, S. (2018). Analisis Pengembangan Ekspor Cengkeh Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 7(1), 21–42.
OECD. (2012). OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Indonesia Market Openess (Issue September 2012). OECD. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/book/9789264042940-en%5Cn
OICA. (2021). Sales Statistics. http://www.oica.net/category/sales-statistics/
Rossato, F. G. F. S., Susaeta, A., Adams, D. C., Hidalgo, I. G., Araujo, T. D. De, & Queiroz, A. De. (2018). Comparison of Revealed Comparative Advantage Indexes with Application to Trade Tendencies of Cellulose Production from Planted Forests in Brazil, Canada, China, Sweden, Finland and the United States. Forest Policy and Economics, 97(September), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.09.007
Salvatore, D. (2013). International Economics (J. Hollenbeck & J. Manias (eds.); 11th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sarwono, & Pratama, W. (2014). Analisis Daya Saing Kedelai Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan, 7(2), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v7i2.3894
Startienė, G., & Remeikienė, R. (2014). Evaluation of Revealed Comparative Advantage of Lithuanian Industry in Global Markets. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110(2014), 428–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.887
Suntharalingam, C., Ahmad, T. M. A. T., Ali, A. K., Rusli, R., & Halim, N. A. (2011). Competitiveness of Malaysia’s Fruits in the Global Agricultural and Selected Export Markets: Analyses of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Comparative Export Performance (CE). Economic and Technology Management Review, 6, 1–17.
UN Comtrade. (2021). UN Comtrade: International Trade Statistics. https://comtrade.un.org/data
Wardani, M. A., & Mulatsih, S. (2017). Analisis Daya Saing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Ban Indonesia ke Kawasan Amerika Latin. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 6(1), 81–100. https://doi.org/10.29244/jekp.6.1.81-100
World Bank. (2021). The World Bank Data. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator
Zuhdi, F., & Suharno. (2015). Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Kopi Indonesia dan Vietnam di Pasar ASEAN 5. Jurnal Habitat, 26(3), 152–162. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiseb.v20i1.5028
Ekombis Sains: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan dan Bisnis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
