TINJAUAN YURIDIS TENTANG HUKUM WARIS DALAM RANGKA PEMBENTUKAN HUKUM WARIS NASIONAL
Alifa Nadya Salsadila, Wulan Tricahyani
Abstract
Hukum waris di Indonesia diatur oleh tiga sistem hukum yang berbeda, yaitu Hukum Waris menurut KUH Perdata, Hukum Islam (KHI), dan Hukum Adat. Ketiga sistem ini mengandung perbedaan mendasar, baik dalam prosedur maupun substansi, terutama terkait dengan perbedaan agama yang dapat mempengaruhi hak waris. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya sengketa dalam pembagian warisan, terutama ketika ahli waris memiliki agama yang berbeda dengan pewaris. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif, yang mengutamakan data sekunder dari studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan sistem hukum ini menimbulkan ketegangan dan ketidakselarasan dalam praktik hukum waris, yang sering berujung pada sengketa. Penerapan wasiat wajibah telah diusulkan sebagai solusi sementara untuk memberikan hak kepada ahli waris yang terhalang oleh perbedaan agama. Penerapan hukum waris di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan besar akibat perbedaan agama antara pewaris dan ahli waris. Perbedaan aturan antara Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) dan KUHPerdata memperlihatkan ketegangan dalam implementasi kewarisan yang adil. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya upaya unifikasi hukum waris yang lebih inklusif, yang mempertimbangkan pluralisme agama dan prinsip keadilan substantif, guna memastikan keadilan yang harmonis dan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila dan UUD 1945.
Keywords
Hukum Waris; Pembagian Harta Waris; Kewarisan Beda Agama
References
Afrohatul Laili, Afrohatul, and Endri Miftahus Sururi. “Upaya Kodifikasi Hukum Kewarisan Secara Bilateral Dengan Pola Diferensiasi Dalam Masyarakat Pluralis.” SINDA: Comprehensive Journal of Islamic Social Studies 3, no. 1 (April 2, 2023): 15–24.
Agiel, M. Taufiq, Adji Pratama Putra, Ahmad Mustofa, Alma Depa Yanti, and Muhammad Hilmi Ajjahidi. “The Dynamics of Inheritance in Various Modern Muslim Countries.” Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 4, no. 1 (June 19, 2023): 1–11.
Amelia, Meli, and Andri Wahyudi. “Analisis Yuridis Tentang Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Ahli Waris Yang Tidak Hadir (Afwezig) Menurut KUHPerdata.” JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan) 6, no. 3 (July 5, 2022). Accessed December 22, 2024. https://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/JISIP/article/view/3295.
Christiani, Theresia Anita. “Normative and Empirical Research Methods: Their Usefulness and Relevance in the Study of Law as an Object.” GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 3, no. 4 (October 22, 2015): 16–22.
Diana Anisya Fitri Suhartono, Naysha Nur Azizah, and Claressia Sirikiet Wibisono. “Sistem Pewarisan Menurut Hukum Perdata.” JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 1, no. 3 (December 27, 2022): 204–214.
Fawzi, R., F.F.R.S. Hamdani, I.M. Wijayanti, and L. Dzulhijjah. “Analysis of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI Article 181): An Islamic Law Perspective.” In Islam, Media and Education in the Digital Era, by Atie Rachmiatie, Ike Junita Triwardhani, Alhamuddin, and Cep Ubad Abdullah, 403–407. 1st ed. London: Routledge, 2022. Accessed December 22, 2024. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003219149/chapters/10.1201/9781003219149-59.
Hasibuan, Badai Husein. “Pembagian Harta Waris Beda Agama Menurut Hukum Islam, Hukum Perdata Dan Hukum Adat.” Jurnal AL-MAQASID: Jurnal Ilmu Kesyariahan dan Keperdataan 8, no. 1 (September 11, 2022): 1–13.
Helmi, Hanum Rahmaniar. “Penyelesaian Sengketa Pembagian Waris Dan Pertanahan Di Desa Trayang, Kecamatan Ngronggot, Kabupaten Nganjuk.” Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 194.
Khaery Ananda, Ilham and Husni Syawali. “Pelaksanaan Pembagian Warisan Jika Salah Satu Ahli Waris Keluar Dari Agama Islam.” Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2023). Accessed December 22, 2024. https://proceedings.unisba.ac.id/index.php/BCSLS/article/view/4924.
Krisnawati, Ferryani, and Prosawita Ririh Kusumasari. “Penyelesaiaan Sengketa Harta Warisan Menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.” Cakrawala Hukum: Majalah Ilmiah Fakultas Hukum Universitas Wijayakusuma 24, no. 2 (September 15, 2022): 9–17.
Lusiana, Vinna. “HUKUM KEWARISAN DI INDONESIA: Studi Komparatif Antara Kompilasi Hukum Islam Dengan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.” Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 291–306.
M Jakfar, Tarmizi, Gamal Achyar, and Dinda Farina Rizqy. “Dampak Penundaan Pembagian Harta Warisan Di Kecamatan Kota Jantho Kabupaten Aceh Besar.” El-Hadhanah : Indonesian Journal Of Family Law And Islamic Law 2, no. 2 (December 9, 2022): 110–128.
Maryani, Ani, Umar Ma’ruf, and Winanto Winanto. “An Overview of Islamic Law in the Mechanism of Individual Distribution If the Wife of the Heir Is More than One.” Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 456.
Masruroh, Rara Siti, and Mohammad Fauzan Ni’ami. “The Supreme Court’s Decision On Mandatory Will For Different Religions: Progressive Legal Studies.” Al-’`Adalah : Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 141–160.
Moechthar, Oemar, Agus Sekarmadji, and Ave Maria Frisa Katherina. “A Juridical Study of Granting Wills to Heirs in the Perspective of Islamic Inheritance Law.” Yuridika 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 739–758.
Nurmala, Leni, and Yoslan Koni. “Differences And Similarities In The Division Of Inheritance Law According To Islamic Law And Javanese Customary Law In Indonesia In A Comparative Study Of Law.” International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) 2, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 129–142.
Prameswari, Zendy Wulan Ayu Widhi, Erni Agustin, and Stefania Arshanty Felicia. “A Review of Indonesian Nationality Law.” Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2023): 45.
Putra, Adji Pratama, and Moh. Rosil Fathony. “Analisis Kewarisan Beda Agama Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” MIZANUNA: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 1, no. 1 (March 6, 2023): 1–15.
Putri, Kania Dewi Andhika, and Ridwan Arifin. “Tinjauan Teoritis Keadilan Dan Kepastian Dalam Hukum Di Indonesia (The Theoretical Review Of Justice And Legal Certainty In Indonesia).” MIMBAR YUSTITIA 2, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 142–158.
Rahman, Ahmad Haikal. “Dinamika Putusan Pengadilan Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Kewarisan.” AHKAM 2, no. 1 (March 6, 2023): 148–163.
Reskiani, Anugrah, Dian Furqani Tenrilawa, Aminuddin Aminuddin, and Rahman Subha. “Konstruksi Pemikiran Pembaharuan Hukum Kewarisan Islam Di Indonesia (Studi Yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung).” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 21, no. 1 (June 9, 2022): 39.
Ridwan, M, Moh Zeinudin, and Slamet Suhartono. “Inheritance Based on a Will That Exceeds Portie’s Legitieme in a Civil Law Perspective.” OPSearch: American Journal of Open Research 1, no. 1 (October 29, 2022). Accessed December 22, 2024. https://opsearch.us/index.php/us/article/view/3.
Ridwan, Muhammad. “Tinjauan Hukum Progresif Terhadap Wasiat Wajibah Bagi Kerabat Non Muslim.” AL-SYAKHSHIYYAH Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam dan Kemanusiaan 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 76–90.
Rohman, Miftakur. “Hukum Waris Islam: Solusi Akhir Untuk Ketimpangan Sosial Terhadap Perempuan.” MASADIR: Jurnal Hukum Islam 2, no. 2 (December 11, 2022): 431–446.
Siregar, Fatahuddin Aziz. “Tinjauan Hukum Progresif Terhadap Pemberian Wasiat Wajibah Bagi Ahli Waris Non-Muslim.” Jurnal el-Qanuniy: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan dan Pranata Sosial 8, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 135–145.
Suwarti, Suwarti, Decha Khunmay, and Stepan Abannokovya. “Conflicts Occurring Due to the Application of Different Legal Inheritance Systems in Indonesia.” Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 30, no. 2 (September 18, 2022): 214–227.
Taqiyuddin, Hafidz, Mus’idul Millah, and Hikmatul Luthfi. “Instruments of Property Ownership in Islam: The Study of Inheritance Law.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 13, no. 1 (May 26, 2023). Accessed December 22, 2024. https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/JITC/article/view/2891.
Urrosyidin, Mohammad Syifa, Mohammad Syamsul Arifin, and Devid Frastiawan Amir Sup. “Esensi Keadilan Dalam Ilmu Waris Islam.” Ijtihad : Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Islam 15, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 257.
Wahyuni, Afidah. “Sistem Waris Dalam Perspektif Islam Dan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia.” SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 5, no. 2 (August 17, 2018): 147–160.
Walim, Walim. “Prinsip, Asas Dan Kaidah Hukum Waris Islam Adil Gender.” Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2017): 35.
Wulan Agustini and Gunawan Djajaputra. “Legal Status Of Adopted Children In The Civil Inheritance Law Based On Article 832 Of The Civil Law Book.” International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) 3, no. 5 (July 1, 2023): 1368–1375.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24967/jaeap.v4i01.3734
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Alifa Nadya Salsadila, Wulan TricahyaniAbstract
Keywords
References
Afrohatul Laili, Afrohatul, and Endri Miftahus Sururi. “Upaya Kodifikasi Hukum Kewarisan Secara Bilateral Dengan Pola Diferensiasi Dalam Masyarakat Pluralis.” SINDA: Comprehensive Journal of Islamic Social Studies 3, no. 1 (April 2, 2023): 15–24.
Agiel, M. Taufiq, Adji Pratama Putra, Ahmad Mustofa, Alma Depa Yanti, and Muhammad Hilmi Ajjahidi. “The Dynamics of Inheritance in Various Modern Muslim Countries.” Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 4, no. 1 (June 19, 2023): 1–11.
Amelia, Meli, and Andri Wahyudi. “Analisis Yuridis Tentang Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Ahli Waris Yang Tidak Hadir (Afwezig) Menurut KUHPerdata.” JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan) 6, no. 3 (July 5, 2022). Accessed December 22, 2024. https://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/JISIP/article/view/3295.
Christiani, Theresia Anita. “Normative and Empirical Research Methods: Their Usefulness and Relevance in the Study of Law as an Object.” GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 3, no. 4 (October 22, 2015): 16–22.
Diana Anisya Fitri Suhartono, Naysha Nur Azizah, and Claressia Sirikiet Wibisono. “Sistem Pewarisan Menurut Hukum Perdata.” JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 1, no. 3 (December 27, 2022): 204–214.
Fawzi, R., F.F.R.S. Hamdani, I.M. Wijayanti, and L. Dzulhijjah. “Analysis of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI Article 181): An Islamic Law Perspective.” In Islam, Media and Education in the Digital Era, by Atie Rachmiatie, Ike Junita Triwardhani, Alhamuddin, and Cep Ubad Abdullah, 403–407. 1st ed. London: Routledge, 2022. Accessed December 22, 2024. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003219149/chapters/10.1201/9781003219149-59.
Hasibuan, Badai Husein. “Pembagian Harta Waris Beda Agama Menurut Hukum Islam, Hukum Perdata Dan Hukum Adat.” Jurnal AL-MAQASID: Jurnal Ilmu Kesyariahan dan Keperdataan 8, no. 1 (September 11, 2022): 1–13.
Helmi, Hanum Rahmaniar. “Penyelesaian Sengketa Pembagian Waris Dan Pertanahan Di Desa Trayang, Kecamatan Ngronggot, Kabupaten Nganjuk.” Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 194.
Khaery Ananda, Ilham and Husni Syawali. “Pelaksanaan Pembagian Warisan Jika Salah Satu Ahli Waris Keluar Dari Agama Islam.” Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2023). Accessed December 22, 2024. https://proceedings.unisba.ac.id/index.php/BCSLS/article/view/4924.
Krisnawati, Ferryani, and Prosawita Ririh Kusumasari. “Penyelesaiaan Sengketa Harta Warisan Menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.” Cakrawala Hukum: Majalah Ilmiah Fakultas Hukum Universitas Wijayakusuma 24, no. 2 (September 15, 2022): 9–17.
Lusiana, Vinna. “HUKUM KEWARISAN DI INDONESIA: Studi Komparatif Antara Kompilasi Hukum Islam Dengan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.” Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 291–306.
M Jakfar, Tarmizi, Gamal Achyar, and Dinda Farina Rizqy. “Dampak Penundaan Pembagian Harta Warisan Di Kecamatan Kota Jantho Kabupaten Aceh Besar.” El-Hadhanah : Indonesian Journal Of Family Law And Islamic Law 2, no. 2 (December 9, 2022): 110–128.
Maryani, Ani, Umar Ma’ruf, and Winanto Winanto. “An Overview of Islamic Law in the Mechanism of Individual Distribution If the Wife of the Heir Is More than One.” Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 456.
Masruroh, Rara Siti, and Mohammad Fauzan Ni’ami. “The Supreme Court’s Decision On Mandatory Will For Different Religions: Progressive Legal Studies.” Al-’`Adalah : Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 141–160.
Moechthar, Oemar, Agus Sekarmadji, and Ave Maria Frisa Katherina. “A Juridical Study of Granting Wills to Heirs in the Perspective of Islamic Inheritance Law.” Yuridika 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 739–758.
Nurmala, Leni, and Yoslan Koni. “Differences And Similarities In The Division Of Inheritance Law According To Islamic Law And Javanese Customary Law In Indonesia In A Comparative Study Of Law.” International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) 2, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 129–142.
Prameswari, Zendy Wulan Ayu Widhi, Erni Agustin, and Stefania Arshanty Felicia. “A Review of Indonesian Nationality Law.” Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2023): 45.
Putra, Adji Pratama, and Moh. Rosil Fathony. “Analisis Kewarisan Beda Agama Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” MIZANUNA: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 1, no. 1 (March 6, 2023): 1–15.
Putri, Kania Dewi Andhika, and Ridwan Arifin. “Tinjauan Teoritis Keadilan Dan Kepastian Dalam Hukum Di Indonesia (The Theoretical Review Of Justice And Legal Certainty In Indonesia).” MIMBAR YUSTITIA 2, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 142–158.
Rahman, Ahmad Haikal. “Dinamika Putusan Pengadilan Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Kewarisan.” AHKAM 2, no. 1 (March 6, 2023): 148–163.
Reskiani, Anugrah, Dian Furqani Tenrilawa, Aminuddin Aminuddin, and Rahman Subha. “Konstruksi Pemikiran Pembaharuan Hukum Kewarisan Islam Di Indonesia (Studi Yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung).” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 21, no. 1 (June 9, 2022): 39.
Ridwan, M, Moh Zeinudin, and Slamet Suhartono. “Inheritance Based on a Will That Exceeds Portie’s Legitieme in a Civil Law Perspective.” OPSearch: American Journal of Open Research 1, no. 1 (October 29, 2022). Accessed December 22, 2024. https://opsearch.us/index.php/us/article/view/3.
Ridwan, Muhammad. “Tinjauan Hukum Progresif Terhadap Wasiat Wajibah Bagi Kerabat Non Muslim.” AL-SYAKHSHIYYAH Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam dan Kemanusiaan 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 76–90.
Rohman, Miftakur. “Hukum Waris Islam: Solusi Akhir Untuk Ketimpangan Sosial Terhadap Perempuan.” MASADIR: Jurnal Hukum Islam 2, no. 2 (December 11, 2022): 431–446.
Siregar, Fatahuddin Aziz. “Tinjauan Hukum Progresif Terhadap Pemberian Wasiat Wajibah Bagi Ahli Waris Non-Muslim.” Jurnal el-Qanuniy: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan dan Pranata Sosial 8, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 135–145.
Suwarti, Suwarti, Decha Khunmay, and Stepan Abannokovya. “Conflicts Occurring Due to the Application of Different Legal Inheritance Systems in Indonesia.” Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 30, no. 2 (September 18, 2022): 214–227.
Taqiyuddin, Hafidz, Mus’idul Millah, and Hikmatul Luthfi. “Instruments of Property Ownership in Islam: The Study of Inheritance Law.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 13, no. 1 (May 26, 2023). Accessed December 22, 2024. https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/JITC/article/view/2891.
Urrosyidin, Mohammad Syifa, Mohammad Syamsul Arifin, and Devid Frastiawan Amir Sup. “Esensi Keadilan Dalam Ilmu Waris Islam.” Ijtihad : Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Islam 15, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 257.
Wahyuni, Afidah. “Sistem Waris Dalam Perspektif Islam Dan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia.” SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 5, no. 2 (August 17, 2018): 147–160.
Walim, Walim. “Prinsip, Asas Dan Kaidah Hukum Waris Islam Adil Gender.” Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2017): 35.
Wulan Agustini and Gunawan Djajaputra. “Legal Status Of Adopted Children In The Civil Inheritance Law Based On Article 832 Of The Civil Law Book.” International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) 3, no. 5 (July 1, 2023): 1368–1375.
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